FACULTE DE MEDECINE A PARIS

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Sone doubles title of Prize winner of Faculties of Nancy added to courses of an exceptional quality make that its fame already crossed the borders of Lorraine. Leaving Nancy with a deep regret, it is towards the capital that our hero continues his career. Professor Armand GAUTIER requests it from Paris. He places to the 26, street of the Schools.

The 1^er November 1902, it is named chief of practical work to the Faculty of Medicine of Paris and supervisor of research of the chemistry laboratory. It continues its work on abnormal colourings of the urine. This innovative work led to its thesis of medicine on "' urinary indoxyle and the colors which derive from it " that it supports brillamment in Nancy, July 17, 1903.

In his special praise, the jury, by asking for the publication, is not mistaken. From this thesis celebrates it "coefficient of Maillard "or index of ureogenic imperfection will rise which will be used by the nephrologists and urologists of the whole world until in the Fifties. The information memoranda bound for the doctors on the biological constants of the urine mention all the report/ratio of modified Maillard. It will cause many work and theses and only the advances in knowledge will make it become obsolete.

Two of its Nancy professors, Auguste PRENANT & pol. BOUIN publish with him in 1904, the treaty of histology and cytology. MAILLARD composes all the paragraphs of a chemical nature. In this work, Louis Camille writes book III devoted to the "energy and material Characters of the cell" being thus made the precursor of very modern "cellular biology". This realization in any remarkable point is worth with its authors the title of Prizes winner of the Institute, Academy of Science, Prix Barber as well as the international recognition. The foreign libraries post it in their collections and we find this reference work from Boston in Berlin.

Incorporated this same year, it multiplies the scientific publications. Two of them are published in German language; what confirms that it controls German in more of English. 1898 to 1920, the scientific activity of Mr. MAILLARD is truly extraordinary. It publishes more than 100 overall notes and four works. From 1906, the publications of a Swiss homonym (mathematician in Geneva) make him add Camille to its signature. Its rigorous publications always make a notable improvement of scientific knowledge of the time but also cause some enmities. Presented into 1^era line at the Company of Biology, it does not obtain that 24 votes out of the 49 voters (60 present). It is elected only with the second turn with 26 votes out of only 36 participants. Parisianism or animosity?

The quality of its work is not causes some and serious its publications is worth the recognition of its pars to him (in spite of the remonstrances with other researchers). Its communications are crowned by the attribution of many prices:

Prize winner of and the Faculty of Medicine Faculty of Science of Nancy, he will be also prize winner of the Faculty of Medicine of Paris. Twice prize winner of the Academy of Science, twice from the Academy of Medicine, it will also receive the Berthelot Medal and the Jecker price.

He integrates very many scientific companies; itself, when it draws up the list of it, uses terms "etc, etc.". He works in 1907, with commissions of the ministry for the war and ministry for the navy on the problems of food hygiene. The ordinary one of the army worries it. It writes a ratio of 40 pages on the chemical composition and the energy value of the feed ration of the soldiers. The food of the quota will be some quite naturally modified. The writings of Mr. MAILLARD are unattackable.

This same year, it is named Officier of Academy. It multiplies the ranks, functions, price & distinctions with a kind of frenzy, which leaves think that it seeks really the honors.

Work of LC MAILLARD causes many publications; in particular the " coefficient ".

Theses: The coefficient of Maillard like element of forecast in the serious vomiting of gestation.

1927.-Maillard' S coefficient and improved azoturia coefficient. (Fiessinger, Olivier & Herbain) Bulletin and memory of the medical Company of the hospitals of Paris. 50 1556/1559, nov.11; ' 26

1928.-been worth of Maillard' S coefficient in diagnosis of hepatic insufficiency; more logical substitute for it, (Goiffon) Paris méd. 2: 242 & 242, sep.22. ' 28

1929.-been worth of Maillard' S coefficientof ureogenic imperfection have functional test of liver in pregnancy (Pigeaud, Brocher, Fouillouze) Lyon méd. 143. 441/449 April 14. ' 29

1930.-Urinary ammonia and Maillard' S coefficient; importance in diabetes, (B Lyonnet) Lyon méd. n° 144 page 305. Seven. 15 ' 29... and page 333. Seven. 22 ' 29

1930.-modifications of Maillard' S coefficient in women with severe womiting of pregnancy. (Pigeaud & Fouillouze) Lyon méd. 145: pages 749/751

1930.-been worth of Maillard' S patient coefficient of ureogenic imperfection of liver in syphilitic treated with neoarsphenamine. (A. Leulier, J Gaté, P. Linard) CR Company of Biology n° 104: pages 1009/1010; july 11. ' 30

1931.-diagnosis and forecast been worth of Maillard coefficient in women with severe vomiting in pregnancy (Voiron & Pigeaud) Gynéc. & obst.23: 289/303 April. ' 31

1931.-Effects of arsphenamines one hepatic cells in syphilitics; revelatory modifications of Maillard coefficient. (A. Leulier, J Gaté, P.Linard) Bull. Ploughshare. Franç. of dermat. and syph.. Meeting dermat. Lyon 37: 844/846 july; ' 30

1932.-Diadnostic and prognostic been worth of Maillard coefficient in severe vomiting in pregnancy. (Voiron & Pigeaud) Gynéc. And Obstr 24: Nov. 638/639. ' 31

1932.-prognostic elements in severe vomiting in pregnancy, especially Maillard coefficient. (H. Pigeaud. J Salucki) Rev. Franç. of gynéc. and of obst.: 27: 243/252 May. ' 32

1932.-proposal of new coefficient to replaces Maillard coefficient in determination of hepatic diseases (R. Goiffon) rev. Méd. to chir diseases of the liver 7 257/264 july/aug. ' 32

1933.-clinical and biochemical incoercible study of vomiting in pregnancy with special reference to significance of Maillard coefficient. (P. Lavand' man) Brussels. Méd. 13. 241/246 janv. 1 ' 33

1933.-Clinical applications of Maillard coefficient (M.Paget) J of obst & gynéc. prat. 3 36/41 janv. ' 32

1933.-Interest of variations of Maillard coefficient in race of severe vomiting in pregnancy (J Voiron. H. Pigeaud) Medical Press 41 394/395 March 11. ' 33

1933.-forecast been worth of curve of variations of Maillard coefficient insevere vomiting in pregnancy (H. Pigeaud & H. André) Gynéc. and Obst. 26. Oct. 319/326. ' 32

1933.-evaluation of liver function by study of Maillard coefficient during therapy of syphilis with bismuth hydroxide and mercuric cyanide. (J.Gaté, PJ Michel & Mr. Charpenel) report of the Company of Biology n° 112 page 181/182 on January 20 ' 33

1933.-Maillard coefficient and azotemic equilibrium in guinea-pig in race of acute and subacute phosphorus intoxication; relation to experimental hepatic insufficiency. (F.Meersseman, J Dorche & F Morelon) CR co. of Biology 112 905/907. march 10. ' 33

1933.-Maillard coefficient and azotemic equilibrium in normal guinea-peak; relation to researches one experimental hepatic insufficiency. (F Meersseman & J Dorche) report of the Company of Biology 112 page 903/905 minute 33

1934.-Practical importance of Maillard coefficient in low register vomiting in pregnancy.(Pigeaud) Prat méd. franç. 14 page 712/718 nov.(A) ' 33

1935.-experimental hepatic insufficiency; Maillard coefficient in race of acute chloroform gold tetrachloro-ethane intoxication in guinea-pigs. (F.Meersseman. L.Perrot & E Franque) report of the Company of Biology 117 pages 934/936 minute 34

1935.-Maillard coefficient in accidents due to neoarsphenamine (R.Zorn). Ann. Of dermat. & syph. n° 6 pages 416/418 May ' 35 and obstr., report of the Company of Biology n° 118 pages 661/664. ' 35

1936.-Maillard Coefficient in incoercible vomiting of pragnancy (H.C. Krafft) Helvet méd. acta. 2 251/254 Aug. ' 35

1937.-Maillard Coefficient in toxicoses of pragnancy (E Schulthess) Helvet. Méd. acta. 4 149/154 April ' 37

1937.-Behavior of Maillard coefficient in normal and pathologic pregnancy (S. Martines) Atti. Ploughshare. Ital. di ostet E ginec. 33 516/518 july - august ' 37

1938.-experimental hepatic insufficiency; comparison of ammonia and amino-acid content of urine year Maillard coefficient in race of toxic hepatitis in tag (F Meersseman & Mr. Berger) CR with the Company of Biology n° 126 page 1025 and 1026. ' 37

1938.-experimental hepatic insufficiency; comparison of ammonia and amino-acid content of urine year Maillard coefficient in race of toxic hepatitis in rabbits (F Meersseman & Mr. Berger) CR with the Company of Biology n° 126 page 1024 and 1025. ' 37

1938.-experimental hepatic insufficiency; significance of Maillard coefficient and amino-acid and ammonium content for urine (F Meersseman) report with the Company of Biology n° 126 page 1026 and 1028. ' 37

1938.-been worth of Maillard normal Coefficient during and pathologic pregnancy, labor and puerperium. (S.Martines) Riv. Ital. di ginec. n° 20 pages 544 to 572 . Déc. ' 37

Of 1939.-question exact significance of Maillard coefficient in relation to hepatic insufficiency; experimental study. (F.Meersseman) medical Press n° 47 pages 1325 to 1327 Sept.6 ' 39

1941.-Acidosis of intestinal origin frequent cause of error in interpretation of Maillard coefficient. (A.Germain & P.Morand) Bull. and Mém. Ploughshare méd. D. hôp. from Paris n° 56 pages 588 to Oct. 590. 29 ' 40

1948.-Ureogenic imperfection coefficient of Maillard in nephropathies during pregnancy (A. Finotti) Riv. Ital. di ginec. n° 31 pages 293 to 316

Bulletins of the Doctors of the hospitals of Paris: publications of Dr. PHEASANTS, father-in-law

1903, t20. 1904, t21, p559.1905, t23, p416/536. 1906, t25, p214. 1908, t26, p900. 1910, t29, p42. 1911 t.31 p.62.

Collections of the theses, Faculty of Medicine of Paris, 1868, volume 8, n° 272, thesis of A. MAILLARD, father of LC

Publications reporting work, theses, communications, reports relative to the "Reaction of Maillard"

Louis MAILLARD

Chief of work of biological chemistry to the Faculty of Medicine of Paris

Volume I

CYTOLOGY

GENERAL AND SPECIAL

WITH 791 FIGURES INCLUDING 172 SEVERAL COLORS

- - - - -

PARIS

BOOKSELLERS Of the ACADEMY OF MEDICINE

1904

preface : under the feather of A. TAKING: it is with M.MAILLARD that moreover the paragraphs are due

of a chemical nature disseminated in all volume

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TREATY

Of HISTOLOGY

HISTOLOGY

1^er November 1897 Preparer of Work practise Chemistry with the Faculty of Medicine of Nancy

1^er November 1898 Preparer of the Courses of Chemistry to the Faculty of Medicine of Nancy

1^er November 1900 Chief of Work practise Chemistry with the Faculty of Medicine of Nancy Arr. 28/7/1900

1^er November 1902 Chief of Work of the biological Chemistry laboratory, FAC of Medicine of Paris

1^erMarch 1907 In charge of the Lecture of Chemistry (Substitution of Mr. Professor A. GAUTIER)

1^er June 1912 Presentation, by Fac.Médec., with the Pulpit of medical Chemistry, 2^2nd line, unanimity

1^er November 1912 Chief of Work practise Chemistry with the Faculty of Medicine of Paris

1^er November 1919 Full professor of the Pulpit of biological and medical Chemistry of the Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine of Algiers

* the dates indicated are those, not decrees of nomination, but of the effective entry in function.

1901 Conference of analytical Chemistry, for the use of the medical students of the Faculty of Nancy (six-month period of summer, 2 hours per week)

1901 Operations practise Chemistry, for the use of the medical students of the Faculty of Nancy (six-month period of summer, 6 hours per week)

1902 Conference of analytical Chemistry, for the use of the medical students of the Faculty of Nancy (six-month period of summer, 2 hours per week)

1902 Operations practise Chemistry, for the use of the medical students of the Faculty of Nancy (six-month period of summer, 6 hours per week)

1902 to 1912 Pennies top management of Mr. Professor Armand GAUTIER, monitoring of the research carried out by the workers admitted at the Chemistry laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine of Paris.

1904/5 Conf. of biological Chemistry to the FAC of Medicine of Paris (40 lessons)

1907/8 Conferences of biological Chemistry to the Faculty of Medicine of Paris (40 lessons)

1908 Substitution of the Lecture of Chemistry to the Faculty of Medicine of Paris (20 lessons)

1909 to 1913 Conferences of biological Chemistry to the Faculty of Medicine of Paris (40 lessons /an)

1912 to 1919 Work Management practise biological Chemistry and of pathological Chemistry to the Faculty of Médec. from Paris, with Conferences especially adapted to this teaching (interruption during the war)

1919 to 1936 Full professor of the Pulpit of biological and medical Chemistry of the Pharmacy and Faculty of Medicine of Algiers

1897 Prize winner of the Faculty of Science of Nancy (Chemistry, Medal of money)

1899 Prize winner of the Faculty of Medicine of Nancy (Price Ritter :Demonstration, the premièrevalable, of the action of the free ions on the alive beings)

1904 Prize winner of the Institute, Academy of Science (Price Barber, in collaboration with A.PRENANT and P.BOUIN: Treaty of Histology

1905 Prize winner of the Institute, Academy of Science, 2^2nd times (First of the prices Montyon de Médecine and Surgery; Research on the dyes of the human organism)

1911 Prize winner of the Academy of Medicine (Buignet Price : Distribution of nitrogen in the urinary excretion; ureogenic imperfection or "coefficient of Maillard"

1914 Prize winner of the Faculty of Medicine of Paris (Chatauvillard Price : Genesis of the proteins and organic materials)

1916 Prize winner of the Academy of Medicine, 2^2nd times (Saintour Price : Synthesis of polypeptides by direct association of the amino acids, probably biological mechanism)

Ø COMPANIES and COMMISSIONS Top of the page

1898 Member of the Chemical Company of Paris

1907 Member of the Commission of studies of the Food of the Army, with the ministry for the War

1909 Member of the Council higher of Hygiene naval and Epidemiology than the ministry for the Navy

Ø HONORARY DISTINCTIONS

1915 Medal of honor of the Epidemics, vermeil (Service of antityphoïdic Vaccination of the Army; occupational disease contracted in service)

(1^er seven.) Responsible for the preparation of the vaccines to the anti-typhoidal Service of the Army

Chief of the Laboratory of Group^ementMangin of the Defense of Verdun (right bank) Battle of 1916

1917 Chief of the Laboratory of the II^2nd Army (section of Chemistry): Argonne, Verdun, Woëvre

1918 Chief of the Laboratory of chemical Studies of the Health service (Faculty of Medicine of Paris)

PRENANT Auguste